Kidney Failure in Dogs

When a dog begins to lose normal kidney function, the impact on their overall health can be serious. Kidney failure in dogs is a condition that can develop gradually or appear suddenly, depending on the cause. Whether your dog is experiencing subtle changes in behavior or has been diagnosed with kidney failure, understanding the condition helps you make informed decisions about their care. If you have concerns about your dog’s kidney health, please call Acton Animal Hospital at 978-263-7477 to book an appointment.

 

 

What Is Kidney Failure in Dogs?

Kidney failure in dogs, also called renal failure, occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste from the bloodstream effectively. Healthy kidneys play a key role in removing toxins, regulating blood pressure, balancing fluids and electrolytes, and producing hormones. When kidney function declines, waste builds up in the body and affects other organs.

Types of Kidney Failure in Dogs

There are two main types of kidney failure in dogs: acute and chronic. Acute kidney failure happens quickly—often within days—and is usually caused by infections, toxins, or blockages. Chronic kidney failure develops slowly over time, typically due to aging or underlying disease. Both types require veterinary attention, but the long-term management and outlook differ significantly depending on the diagnosis.

Impact of Early Diagnosis

Although kidney failure in dogs can’t always be prevented, early diagnosis and veterinary care can improve quality of life. Dogs with chronic kidney disease often live comfortably with consistent support and regular checkups. If you notice any signs of illness in your pet, schedule a visit with your veterinarian to evaluate their kidney function.

What Causes Kidney Failure in Dogs?

While some causes are preventable, others are linked to genetics, age, or environment.

Acute Kidney Failure Causes

Acute kidney failure typically results from a sudden event that impairs kidney function. Some common causes include:

• Ingesting toxins such as antifreeze, grapes, raisins, or certain medications
• Bacterial infections like leptospirosis
• Decreased blood flow from heatstroke, trauma, or severe dehydration
• Urinary tract obstructions
• Reactions to anesthesia or medications

Because acute kidney failure can develop rapidly, it’s considered a medical emergency. If your dog shows signs such as vomiting, lethargy, or disorientation, they should be seen by your  veterinarian right away.

Chronic Kidney Failure Causes

Chronic kidney failure in dogs is often linked to age-related degeneration or long-term health conditions. While the condition may not be curable, regular veterinary exams and lab work can help detect chronic kidney disease early, even before symptoms appear. Common contributing factors include:

• Aging, especially in dogs over seven years old
• Dental disease, which can spread bacteria to the kidneys
• Genetic conditions in certain breeds (e.g., Cocker Spaniels, Shih Tzus, Bull Terriers)
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Immune system disorders

Symptoms of Kidney Failure in Dogs

The symptoms of kidney failure in dogs can vary based on the stage and type of the condition. In early stages, signs may be subtle, which is why routine blood work is so important—especially for older dogs. Some of the most common symptoms include:

• Increased thirst and urination
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Weight loss
• Bad breath or an ammonia-like odor
• Lethargy or depression
• Pale gums
• Ulcers in the mouth
• Weakness or poor coordination

If your dog shows any combination of these symptoms, it’s important to contact your veterinarian. Dogs in Acton, MA and surrounding areas can receive supportive diagnostic care at Acton Animal Hospital. Please call 978-263-7477 as soon as possible.

How Vets Diagnose Kidney Failure in Dogs

Veterinarians use a combination of clinical signs, lab results, and imaging to diagnose kidney failure in dogs. Blood and urine tests provide insight into how well the kidneys are working and help detect waste buildup in the bloodstream.

Bloodwork and Urinalysis

Blood tests typically measure blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), all of which increase when kidney function declines. Urinalysis helps evaluate urine concentration and identify signs of infection or protein loss. Together, these tests can determine the severity of kidney failure in dogs.

Imaging and Additional Testing

Your veterinarian may also recommend abdominal X-rays or ultrasound to assess kidney size, structure, or detect obstructions. In some cases, additional tests are needed to identify underlying infections or contributing health conditions.

Treatment Options for Kidney Failure in Dogs

Treatment for kidney failure in dogs depends on the type (acute or chronic) and how advanced the condition is. While acute kidney failure may be reversible with aggressive treatment, chronic kidney failure often requires long-term management.

Supportive Care for Acute Kidney Failure

Dogs with acute kidney failure often need hospitalization. Intravenous fluids, medications, and close monitoring are used to stabilize kidney function and flush out toxins. If the condition is caught early, some dogs recover fully.

Ongoing Management for Chronic Kidney Failure

For chronic cases, the focus is on slowing disease progression and supporting kidney function. Treatment may involve:

• Prescription kidney diets to reduce waste buildup
• Regular lab work to monitor kidney values
• Medications to control symptoms like nausea or high blood pressure
• Subcutaneous fluids administered by the veterinary team
• Nutritional supplements or phosphate binders

Ongoing care allows many dogs with kidney failure to enjoy a good quality of life. Your veterinarian will customize a care plan based on your dog’s needs.

Life Expectancy and Quality of Life

The outlook for dogs with kidney failure depends on the type of kidney disease and how quickly it’s diagnosed. Acute kidney failure has a more uncertain prognosis but may respond well to timely veterinary treatment. Chronic kidney failure is progressive, but dogs can live comfortably for months or even years with proper management. Quality of life remains a key focus during treatment. Dogs who eat well, maintain a healthy weight, and engage with their family often do better long-term. Supportive care and regular checkups are vital to managing kidney failure in dogs.

When to Contact Acton Animal Hospital

Kidney failure in dogs often progresses silently until noticeable symptoms appear. That’s why it’s important to monitor your pet’s behavior and appetite and schedule routine exams—especially as they age. If your dog begins drinking more water, urinating more frequently, or losing interest in meals, it’s time to consult your veterinarian. The team at Acton Animal Hospital offers in-house diagnostic testing, advanced treatment options, and personalized care for every stage of kidney disease. Please call 978-263-7477 to book an appointment if you have any concerns about kidney failure in dogs.